Categories
Uncategorized

The Sexually Frustrated Heart of MAGA

Until now, all political attempts to undermine the MAGA movement have failed. To the confusion of both political experts and casual observers, MAGA’s supporters have remained undeterred by unshakeable evidence of the movement’s disregard for morality, patriotism, and even conservativism. This is because none of these principles actually relate to the main premise of MAGA. Its true guiding theme is not a value or principle at all, but the dark spirit of male sexual frustration.

From the beginning, MAGA has invoked sex as a central rhetorical focus. Donald Trump launched his presidential campaign by referring to Mexican immigrants as “rapists” and has never trailed in GOP primary polls for three election cycles afterward. Since his ascendency, Republicans have largely ignored traditional politics and have instead focused bizarrely on instances of perceived sexual perversion. They accuse their opponents without evidence of sex trafficking and pedophilia. They viciously and persistently attack transgender people, a tiny group with little representation in powerful circles. They embrace QAnon, an online conspiracy that theorizes that pedophiles control the government and Hollywood.

And their preoccupation with sex always carries overtones of rage and resentment. Consider MAGA supporters’ most infamous and identifying insult: deriding non-MAGA men as “cucks”—short for cuckolds. Such language conveys that MAGA men view mainstream culture and politics as not only emasculating but as sexual dead ends, as routes to celibacy. For them, MAGA is the solution to a sexual problem, not a political one. Its actual political stances (where they can be found) lie downstream from this. Take its push to restrict abortion rights, a thinly veiled effort to restrict young women’s sexual behavior. Or its notorious animosity toward illegal immigration: as Trump’s original “rapists” comment indicates, MAGA perceives immigration as a sexual threat—or, more accurately, a scapegoat for lived sexual dissatisfaction. Conservative media outlets regularly parrot dubious claims about immigrants raping and attacking young women. Never do they run stories about immigrants usurping low wage jobs. Thus, the mantra that immigrants are “stealing American jobs,” already factually questionable, can and should be interpreted as a euphemism for sex. Even if taken generously at face value, sexual paranoia looms large: women prefer men with jobs.

The rise of MAGA coincides with the dual explosions of internet pornography and Instagram. The media has highlighted the negative impacts of these developments on female body image and self esteem. However, it has not yet appreciated the corresponding impact on men, for whom the gap between sexual ambitions and reality has now become, for much of the population, outrageously wide. Some coverage has been dedicated to “incels” and violent offenders who lament sexual failure, such as school shooters. This coverage has characterized such individuals as belonging to a fringe. Perhaps. But a fringe of what?

Trump himself is the perfect avatar of sexual frustration. He regularly degrades women. He has been divorced several times and has been credibly linked to embarrassing affairs, all of which have the flavor (if not the formality) of prostitution. His wife shows him no affection, let alone desire, and she is rarely present at his events. Her frostiness toward him passes with no comment from pundits, who consider the subject out of bounds, but their courteousness blinds them to the crucial dynamic at play. That his wife detests him is the secret ingredient to his popularity. And it helps explain the failure of his copycats, who unknowingly torpedo their own appeals by flaunting (or at least feigning) healthy relationships with their wives.

Beyond the rhetorical and aesthetic evidence, simple intuition can easily discern the true heart of MAGA. Any outsider can recognize its atmosphere as dysfunctionally male. Trump and his acolytes are boorish, tense, and insecure. Few young women would wish to find themselves alone with one. In fact, several MAGA leaders including Trump have been accused or even convicted of sexual assault, which, far from disqualifying them, serves as a stamp of authenticity. At Trump’s rallies, to his supporters’ delight, he jeers powerful women and their male enablers. These events have an increasingly ritualistic feel: missing only are the witches burning at the stake.

A subset of women, of course, identify with MAGA, but their devotion is zealous, cultish, and unrelated to its premise. They revel in the cultural fervor of MAGA, not its ideas. MAGA men allow women to participate so long as they reject femininity, either by masculinizing themselves (a la Marjorie Taylor Greene) or playing the prostitute (a la Lauren Boebert). A relatively healthy female role model has no place in MAGA, as Ivanka Trump’s departure and Nikki Haley’s political flop exemplify. Indeed, to date, Ivanka’s main contribution to MAGA has been her role in resurfaced old videos in which her father awkwardly expresses unfulfilled sexual desire towards her. These clips, despite heavy play from Democrats, did not dampen the enthusiasm of his supporters. It is at least possible that they boosted it.

Eight years after Trump’s unexpected presidential victory, the Democratic Party may finally be coming around to the true nature of its opposition. Vice Presidential candidate Tim Walz has characterized MAGA as “creepy” and “weird,” and this branding has resonated across the political spectrum. Far from being shallow or reductive, it pegs the movement more accurately than anything before it. When footage emerged of Walz’s counterpart, JD Vance, deriding childless women as selfish and miserable “cat ladies”—a rant soaked in MAGA sexual rage—Walz’s labels afforded Democrats the appropriate shorthand they had previously lacked. Vance has been accordingly helpless to stop the media shellacking. Trump, seeing this, has uncharacteristically reduced his profile, possibly hoping that Vance will discover a counterattack for him to borrow before being similarly tarnished. But the hope is futile: Vance, dumbfounded, can only double down on his angry, judgmental persona, the only political posture he has ever known. With every appearance he digs himself deeper into the hole that Walz has made for him.

Is this the end for MAGA? Not quite. The social trends that fueled its rise remain active, and the potential antidote—a mainstream, non-moralizing confrontation of men’s mental health struggles in an increasingly digital world—is not on the horizon. Black men, a longtime Democratic bastion, have begun to drift rightward, to the puzzlement of pundits who had theorized racism as the main pillar of MAGA. Trump himself may be fading, but one worries about his replacement. He has always been limited by his deficiencies and failures as a man—which, paradoxically, comprised his qualifications to lead the movement. But what if his successor is less limited? What if the next Trump, blood-related or otherwise, not only embodies sexual frustration but has the ability to marshal it towards its natural conclusion?

It could well again be time again for the witches to burn at the stake.

 

–Jim Andersen

Categories
Uncategorized

Movie Review: Past Lives

Past Lives never quite has its feet on the ground. It deploys moments of relatable awkwardness—stuttering hellos, clumsy goodbyes—to assure us that this quirky love triangle is the real deal. But I hope we’re too clever for that. These moments aren’t difficult to execute, as any TV commercial demonstrates. In fact, the first section of Past Lives resembles an extended ad for a Macbook Pro: loading screens; ear buds; pixelated laughing; worldly locales; hip, goofy friends. A fluttering musical score of whirling, discordant chimes. Oscar nominations are now available at your nearest Apple store.

Life is unpredictable. Even the most passing stranger has a unique story. Love takes many varied forms. Our paths are ever-changing, endlessly tangled, often crossing with those of people we’d least expect.

If you feel that the above statements are profound, you’ll likely enjoy Past Lives. But I don’t, and they aren’t. While this movie might land well with audiences by virtue of its heartfelt sincerity, it lacks the substance of a classic romance.

–Jim Andersen

Categories
Uncategorized

2023 Best Picture Nominees Ranked

It’s that time of year! The Oscars are upon us, so here are this year’s ten Best Picture nominees ranked from worst to best. Each ranking is linked to the full review for that individual movie.

10. Avatar: The Way of Water

“Cameron delivers these moments in a crushingly reverent, pious tone, as if he wants us to believe (or he himself believes) that, for instance, a blue creature befriending a CGI whale is self-evidently a monumental, poignant event.”

9. Elvis

“Must we really do this? Must we break down historical figures and reassemble them into 2020’s-approved versions of themselves?”

8. Women Talking

“Imagine if Shakespeare had decided that Iago didn’t deserve to be portrayed onstage—who would want to see Othello? What great story could withstand the removal of its primary antagonist?”

7. All Quiet on the Western Front

“Disembodied limbs everywhere, young men crying like babies, kids killing grown men: this movie has it all. Because apparently, it’s now passé to say that War Is Bad. One must say that War Is Really Bad.”

6. Tár

“Chained to mediocrity by a pondering, lecture-y screenplay that nevertheless avoids any real stances on the issues it strains to raise, Tár fails to animate the character drama at the heart of its story.”

5. The Fabelmans

“Confusion is a limited aesthetic. It traps the audience in the dark, preventing nuanced reflection.”

4. Top Gun: Maverick

“It’s Cruise’s most reflective film. Specifically, the plot functions as a meditation on the approaching end to his own movie stardom.”

3. The Banshees of Inisherin

“Its power lies in its reminder that, as the loquacious Padraic eventually comes to understand, some problems are unsolvable—that words don’t always help or even illuminate.”

2. Triangle of Sadness

“Together, these episodes form an intriguing examination of the slippery nature of power dynamics.”

1. Everything Everywhere All At Once

“A true cinematic miracle, it transfigures our most annoying genre–the superhero movie–into something artistic and rich.”

 

Commentary:

This year’s batch of nominees is pretty bad by recent standards. Avatar and Elvis have been gifted token nominations to increase viewership for the broadcast. Women Talking and Tár serve mostly to highlight Hollywood’s ongoing torment over its myriad scandals of sexual misconduct. Amidst weak films like these, there’s room for some unusual entries to climb the list. For example, Top Gun: Maverick, which would ordinarily rank as a borderline nominee, places fourth.

However, the group is redeemed by the incredible Everything Everywhere All At Once. What’s more, as of this writing, EEAAO is the favorite to win the category. If it does win, it would be the first time in seven years that the Academy agreed with my first choice (Moonlight, 2016). That would be a pretty happy about-face: last year, I ranked the Disneylike CODA ninth out of ten, and it won the prize.

Several of the movies I liked the most this year didn’t factor into the Oscar field. In particular, I recommend Nope and The Menu to anyone. And for a lighthearted, fun watch, check out Marcel The Shell with Shoes On. I’m sure there are more gems, and maybe watching the Oscars will point me toward some of them.

Happy watching, everyone!

 

-Jim Andersen

For last year’s rankings, see 2022 Best Picture Nominees Ranked.

Categories
Uncategorized

Movie Review: Beckett

It’s time to do another Netflix movie review. So let’s check in on what’s hot.

The movie currently at number one in Netflix’s top ten and thus the subject of my check-in is Beckett, directed by Ferdinando Filomarino. Watching it is a kind of funny experience, because it’s so incredibly generic that it winds up being oddly original: the filmmakers, in attempting to strip their creation of the flashy razzle-dazzle that, admittedly, often overinflates today’s spy thrillers, have incidentally stripped away, in addition, everything that might have been remotely interesting about the movie. What’s left behind is a boldly pointless experience.

I understand the desire to achieve a raw and gritty tone by removing unrealistic glamour; we don’t really need any more Mission: Impossibles. But films that feel truly raw and gritty are actually very difficult to make. Creating the effect of something like, for example, The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly (1966) takes painstaking attention to visual and audial detail. Watch this essentially perfect scene from that film in which a main character is beaten to a pulp. The sheer dirtiness of the characters and their surroundings is only made tangible by precise camera framing and close-ups, and a band playing right outside the shack, juxtaposed with the violent sounds from inside, emphasizes the characters’ relative unimportance in the world surrounding them. Quentin Tarantino frequently shares his admiration for The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly, and he’s clearly learned from it: certain scenes from Reservoir Dogs (1992), in particular, show a similar skill in deploying violence as a way to make his characters seem more common or base, rather than more awesome.

By contrast, Filomarino appears to believe that a gritty tone will result from less effort, not more, because he spends his film dropping an aimless John David Washington into random, unremarkable places in Greece and showing the character simply ambling around. Washington plays an American everyman caught up in a kidnapping scheme gone wrong, and he spends the movie traversing…brush. And grass. And streets, and subways, and parking garages… Yeah, it’s not exactly North by Northwest (1959). Filomarino has confused an affinity for realism with distaste for any production value whatsoever.

But all in all, I can’t say I really hated this movie, because there’s not much to object to, other than its boringness. Like I said before, its defiance in refusing to add anything—scenery, stunts, twists, sex, music, other characters—to its bare bones wrong-man plot comes off as somehow appealing, in part because it prevents the film from making any impact at all. It’s easily watched, easily forgotten. Only the very beginning is noxious: we’re treated to a full twelve minutes (I checked) of uninterrupted rom-com quality flirting, after which the protagonist, who is supposed to be likable, suddenly falls asleep at the wheel and causes a car crash that kills his girlfriend (?), a needless tragedy for which he doesn’t really do anything to redeem himself over the course of the film. (Although, really, his girlfriend’s death is aesthetically merciful, since, had she lived, the two might still be ever-so-cutely roasting each other.)

So my review is straight up neutral. Watch it, or don’t. Put it on in the background; you won’t miss anything. I do wonder, though, what kind of underlying anxiety or addiction is affecting us so much that we need something to watch, even if it has no estimable qualities to recommend it, and that a movie like Beckett that’s merely palatable—because it has no taste (as it were)—is therefore good enough to shoot to number one in a few days. Food for thought.

 

–Jim Andersen

For more Netflix reviews, see my review of I Care a Lot.

Categories
Uncategorized

Laughter and Blood: Joker Reviewed

Even with a few months remaining in the year, it’s safe to say that 2019’s most talked-about movie will be Todd Phillips’ Joker (2019), starring Joaquin Phoenix in the title role. That’s partially because the character of the Joker is one of pop culture’s most notorious villains, made especially relevant to contemporary audiences via Heath Ledger’s brilliantly manic portrayal in 2008’s The Dark Knight; but even more so because Joker’s thematic material differs, shall we say, violently, from other comic book movie installments.

Ah yes, violence. We just can’t get enough of it, so the cultural narrative goes. And the Narrative has a point: violence now pervades our favorite shows, our favorite films, and our favorite games. It’s so often the glue that holds us to our screens: it makes us gasp, cry, cheer. If we take a step back from those screens, we might notice that the commonality shared by the most critical- and viewer-acclaimed television shows of the past decade is that they feature most of their characters being brutally killed. Netflix in particular has become proficient in stirring up one bloodbath after another, spoon-feeding us drug cartels, mafias, murderous politics, zombie apocalypses, medieval wars, serial killers, even fire breathing dragons. Where there’s murder, there’s Netflix ™.

But there’s something strange about all this pop-violence that we supposedly love so much. What I mean is that it’s always oddly distant, fantastical, not at all relevant to our lives. It takes place in strange worlds. For instance, there are no actual zombies. There are no dragons. The mafia isn’t exactly a major presence at this point. Sure, these popular entertainment landscapes are violent, but they’re fictionally violent in an obvious way; they lack the threat of nearness. We feel brave in the presence of this brand-name violence: since it’s largely irrelevant to our lives, it can’t shake us.

It’s not just television, either. The most celebrated cinematic movie villains share this fantastical otherness to their evil deeds. The typical movie murderer is mentally ill and simply predisposed to violence without any explanation or hope for change: take Hannibal Lecter in The Silence of the Lambs (1991) for example, who appears to have been born with incurable bloodlust; or Norman Bates of Pyscho (1950), whose mommy issues are so ingrained as to leave him staring gleefully from his cell at the film’s conclusion. Even Ledger’s Joker in The Dark Knight is explicitly stripped of a backstory, leaving us to assume that he simply grew up wanting to blow up hospitals—that he doesn’t need a reason to do so, other than his own insanity.

But this is kind of portrayal is divorced from reality. This is not how mental illness actually works. As a psychiatrist myself, I can testify to the gross inaccuracy of the perception, brought about in large part by such films, that violence is a symptom of mental illness. Filmmakers seem to like this notion, however, and one might venture that they have embraced it because it makes their movies scarier.

I disagree. Rather, it seems to me that they have embraced it because it makes their movies less scary—and thus more tolerable.  Sure, if a man truly did exist who drank Chiantis and listened to classical music and ate human brains, and could not distinguish between the fineness of these activities; then yes, this would be frightening. But we know on some level that this man does not and could not exist, and this makes the supposedly terrifying character bearable, even fun. Neither do we shrink from Ledger’s Joker—we want more. Why wouldn’t we? He has nothing to do with us, with our world. Just like zombie apocalypses, characters like these pose only mimed threats; they suck the horror out of brutality.

Phillips’ Joker restores that horror. Here is a different kind of violence; here is that rare, daring film that serves us our craved daily dose of murder—R rating thoroughly deserved—without the comforting distance of a fictional world or an inconceivable killer. Joker isn’t ostensibly set in present day America, but its universe is unmistakably our own world, and the killer is equally real; that is to say, he’s a man very similar to many other men who exist at this very moment in virtually every community in America, and he commits gruesome acts that, as evidenced by recent headlines, are quite plausible indeed for such men to commit, given the wrong combination of circumstances.

Over the past twenty years, since the Columbine shootings of 1999, we’ve seen people, typically young men, sometimes but not always mentally ill, go on murderous rampages leaving several, sometimes dozens, dead. Why and how is this happening?

Director Phillips, with the help of the prodigious Phoenix, credulously illustrates the stepwise progression into this very type of real-world homicidal behavior. I’ll spend the bulk of this piece moving through that progression as Phillips plots it, noting as I go the insights contained therein.

——————————–

Let’s begin. Arthur Fleck (Phoenix), our protagonist, is mentally ill and severely so. When we meet him, though, he doesn’t seem to harbor any propensity for violence. He is, in a word, pathetic—struggling mightily to hold a job, in part because of bad luck (a gang of boys steals his promotional sign and beats him with it), but in larger part because he is socially awkward in the extreme. When a passing woman in his building mimes a gun to her head in a humorous manner, he attempts to flirt with her by mimicking the gesture with a far more gruesome flair, demonstrating a disconcerting inability to pick up and act on routine social cues. He aspires to be a comedian, but even his mentally ill mother, who has faith in her son’s goodness, knows that he lacks even the remotest feel for humor.

In addition his social ineptness, Fleck, thanks to a childhood brain trauma, has been saddled with a painfully uncontrollable laugh. This means that, like many real people with mental illness, Fleck can’t hide among the mentally healthy. In contrast with Travis Bickle, the protagonist from Martin Scorsese’s classic noir Taxi Driver (1979) (which many have compared to Joker) who carries on normal conversations and only occasionally sends ominous signals, Fleck doesn’t have the luxury of brooding undetected: because of his inappropriate laughter, everyone who meets him knows something’s up. He writes in his journal that the worst part about mental illness is the expectation of pretending not to have one—an expectation he is unable to fulfill.

A turning point comes when Fleck acquires a gun. Here we are forced to reckon with our American society, in which it would in fact be fairly easy for a sick man similar to Fleck to get his hands on a lethal weapon. Very tellingly, we soon see Fleck brandishing the gun in his living room while playing out a curious fantasy: he imagines impressing a woman with his dancing skill (a highly improbable occurrence) and fatally shooting her other suitor. The scene—Phoenix’s much sadder rendition of Taxi Driver’s “You talkin’ to me?” monologue, updated to reflect our new incel-inhabited world—shows us that Fleck harbors jealous resentment toward more socially adept men, as well as frustrated desire to successfully woo women, and that these internalities are immediately merged with the possibilities offered by the firearm. Fleck’s “good dancer” fantasy, in essence, is that the gun (and the discharge of it) will turn the tables, make him cool.

It’s no wonder, then, that Fleck soon thereafter commits the alarming blunder of bringing the gun into a room full of children. It’s clear based on this act that he’s already attached to the weapon; it must go with him everywhere. When he’s justly fired for this misstep (and he’s lucky this is all that happens, as he’s already fired the gun in his own apartment by accident), we sense something brewing: the ostracism induced by the carrying of the gun has actually led him deeper into the very social hole of which it already seemed to him that only the gun could lift him out.

And when three Wall Street bros on the subway venture to beat up the hopelessly laughing Fleck, an incident similar to the one he endured in the opening sequence, the gun is indeed the equalizer. Two are dead in seconds, but it’s not just a defensive impulse: Fleck menacingly tracks down the third and shoots him five times in cold blood. The gun therefore makes good on its previously felt promise: not only to get revenge on the cool kids, but, later we see, to make Fleck himself cool, as a substantial number in Gotham subsequently rally behind the murder, wearing clown masks in homage to its perpetrator. Fleck soon afterward tells his therapist: “For most of my life I didn’t know whether I really existed. But I do. And people are starting to notice.” Thus, Fleck’s initial inkling that the gun could provide the social calibration that he longed for is dishearteningly proven correct.

Relatedly, immediately after the incident, Fleck imagines or hallucinates himself finding and kissing the woman that he attempted to flirt with in the elevator earlier, and continues to believe that he is in fact dating her. We can deduce that due to the positive attention (though anonymous) that he is receiving for the triple murder, he sees himself for the first time as valuable, worthy. A girlfriend is, for the first time, conceivable, and he’s able to imagine the notion as reality. Again, violence has for the first time given Fleck a sense of acceptance and social standing.

Another interesting development is that media largely interprets the rallying behind Fleck’s triple murder as a watershed protest against wealth inequality in Gotham. But this is interpretation is incorrect. Fleck’s acts on the Subway are fueled by the men’s cruelty toward him (and possibly also by their cruelty toward an unknown woman on the same car), not by their perceived wealth. He confirms as much in the movie’s climax, telling talk show host Murray Franklin (Robert De Niro) that he is not at all political.

In fact, it seems that the city’s media has largely misinterpreted the entire uprising that progressively envelops Gotham throughout the film. While newspaper headlines and Thomas Wayne dismiss the increasingly numerous protesters as jealous have-nots, the event that eventually sparks virtual anarchism on the streets has nothing to do with wealth inequality. Instead, it’s Fleck’s lament on live TV that there is “no civility” anymore, followed by his (likely true) accusation that Franklin merely invited him on the show to laugh at him—followed, of course, by Franklin’s brains landing on the back of the set. When Fleck is arrested, he is rescued by protesters from the cop car and raised up as the movement’s leader.

It appears, then, that the wealth inequality issue has been mostly a red herring popularized by the Gotham press. The hatred motivating the protesters has originated not in wealth disparity but in the social cruelty that the city’s common folk have experienced. Fleck’s words on Franklin’s show, as ensuing events demonstrate, strike at the true heart of the matter: the rebellion is against the cool kids, the bullies—not the rich, although these two groups may often overlap. I wonder if 2019 politicians are absorbing this insight.

I’ll move now to perhaps my favorite scene in the film: the one in which Fleck is preparing for his appearance on Murray Franklin, and his two friends from the clown agency, Randall and Gary, arrive to share their worries about the progressing police investigation into the triple murder. Fleck takes this opportunity to murder Randall in gory fashion, leaving the diminutive Gary whimpering in the corner in fear. Fleck allows Gary to leave, but a problem arises: Gary is too short and cannot reach the latch to unlock the door.

I suspect that the effect of this moment can only be fully felt watching the film in a theater. That’s because the situation is so absurdly unfortunate—Gary attempting to escape a murderer but hampered by the unremarkable height of the lock—that it compels laughter. During my viewing, most of the audience, including myself, gave in to (at least cautious) laughs. But Fleck doesn’t find it funny in the least, apologizing to Gary and sending him on his way, noting that he was always one of the few to display kindness to the killer. It struck me in that instant that the Joker, if he did exist (and I’ve already posited that, in some form, he does), then I, as well as most of the audience, would be among his targets.

This admonishment to the audience is completed when, during Fleck’s ensuing talk show appearance, he complains to Franklin: “I’m tired of people telling me what is funny and what isn’t.” He’s thus challenged us to some introspection, a rare happening in contemporary film: can we justify laughing at Gary for failing to reach the lock? Maybe we can’t; maybe we were wrong to do so. But if that isn’t funny, what is? Does the real humor lie, as Fleck contends, contrastingly, in the demise of the bullies, like the Wall Street friends on the subway? After all, we’re going to laugh at someone—who’s it going to be?

When a subway riot leaves a few police officers at the mercy of protesters, Fleck howls with laughter and dances a jig. This is behavior typical of the Joker character, as we might have seen from Jack Nicholson’s or Heath Ledger’s renditions (or, for 90’s children like myself, Mark Hamill’s); but now there’s a weird accusatory feel to it. Why laugh at Gary, vulnerable to a murderer because he can’t reach a simple lock—and not at the heretofore-powerful cops, now in mortal danger themselves?

Joker ends with Fleck in a mental institution, and insinuates that he imagined the whole thing. I sympathize with viewers who were irritated by this last layer of ambiguity, but I wasn’t. That’s because this device allows Fleck to challenge us once more, as he laughs in reflection of the film’s events, whether real or imagined, and calls them “a joke.” He tells his psychiatrist, certainly our stand-in, “You wouldn’t get it.”

And we wouldn’t; we didn’t. We, contrastingly, laughed at Gary trying to reach the lock. We laughed at Fleck walking straight ahead into a glass door in front of two cops. We laughed at Fleck melting down in front of his first comedy club audience. We laughed at the quips of Murray Franklin. We did not laugh at Fleck’s sparking rebellion and anarchy in Gotham.

But when the downtrodden Fleck first picked up the gun, his thin fingers sliding, enticed, over the metal, it irrevocably clicked for him that there was in fact a way to deal with us and our collective failure to laugh—a way to finally flip who gets to laugh at whom. The movie ends with Fleck exiting the interview room, tracking on his feet the blood of his humorless audience.

—————————-

As I alluded to in my introduction, Joker has caused controversy and polarization. The source of this controversy is the temptation to be outraged at Phillips for implicating us in our own society’s ills—for suggesting that, in Fleck’s words, we “get what we fucking deserve.” I only need to refer you to Joker’s rating on the dismal review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes to demonstrate that even some of our finest critics have fallen to that temptation.

But it would be a mistake unworthy of even a casual viewer to seriously evaluate Fleck’s vengeful morality, and it would be even more egregious to base our favor for the film on our concordance with it. Rather, we must evaluate the truth of what we see. We must evaluate whether it’s indeed realistic that a man could come to harbor such a morality based on his experiences in society, and whether many would indeed exalt him for expressing it.

Based on the insights I laid out in this review, I say that it is, and that they would. That’s why I, for one, found Phillips’ and Phoenix’s collaboration riveting, authentic, and, dare I say it… scary.

 

— Jim Andersen

Categories
Uncategorized

2019 Best Picture Nominees Ranked

Here’s my ranked list of 2019 Best Picture nominees.  When I think a movie deserves a certain award, I’ll list it below the review—but I haven’t seen all the movies that produced the other nominees in various categories, so take those pronouncements with a grain of salt. 

 #8: Vice

I’m very comfortable ranking Vice as my least favorite 2018 nominee.  Director Adam McKay hit a home run with The Big Short, but he’s brought back the same snappy, resourceful style to a subject that decidedly doesn’t need it, the result being an aimless, whimsical highlight reel of Bush-era politics.  It’s poorly edited and tonally erratic, but most damning of all is that it has nothing in particular to say about Dick Cheney, other than that he is bad.

At times I felt like I was watching a Star Wars prequel (fitting, because Cheney was so often compared to Darth Vader): we see the characters before they are themselves, and are expected to watch in earnest as they’re forced into lame backstories that clumsily try to explain the signature traits for which we know them.  Christian Bale does a good job as Cheney, I guess, but Steve Carell is badly miscast as a demonic yet strangely juvenile Don Rumsfeld, and Sam Rockwell overdoes George W., as everyone does.  Even Amy Adams, who specializes in Lady MacBeth roles, is surprisingly boring as Lynne Cheney.  Skip this one and go watch some old SNL footage.

Awards: Best Hair and Makeup

#7: Black Panther

Black Panther is a welcome addition to the ever-growing comic book movie family, certainly the best since 2008’s The Dark Knight.  It refreshes the genre with new features: complex social commentary that doesn’t detract from the fun, a large and interesting supporting cast, and visuals that are at times extraordinary—I loved, in particular, the scenery of the cliffside gladiator-type fights.  I’m glad Black Panther was nominated, as it deserves recognition for such resounding success in multiple respects.

But give me all the flak you want: a movie like this simply doesn’t require the same level of creative energy as the other nominees.  It may have refreshed the genre with new layers, but it’s still squarely planted in that genre, meaning that we as viewers expect, and get, a movie that mostly consists of a likeable lead who acquires impossible abilities, various action sequences that highlight those abilities, a CGI-laden final battle, and a halfhearted love story.  We also get a perfectly happy ending, because although Black Panther has the guts to temporarily blur the hero/villain line, that line eventually comes back into clear focus, as it must: after all, we’re in the Marvel Comic Universe, and unlike the Real Universe, where all the other nominees have the burden of taking place, this universe is governed by certain child-friendly rules.  For example, good guys win, bad guys lose.  (Look out, Thanos.)

Black Panther simply sets an easier bar for itself than the other nominees.  In one scene, our hero T’Challa, after a car chase scene featuring some breathtaking deployments of kinetic energy, is maskless in front of a crowd of smartphone-filming spectators.  Later, he reveals his big secret to a shocked United Nations, demonstrating that, somehow, no one during all that time has attempted to figure out the identity of the guy with superpowers on the highway.  You might say, “Don’t take it too seriously, it’s just a superhero movie!”  Exactly: in the end, it’s just a superhero movie.

Awards: Best Costume Design, Best Production Design, Best Sound Editing

#6: Bohemian Rhapsody

Rami Malek has the gargantuan task of playing larger-than-life rock icon Freddie Mercury, and he… doesn’t quite nail it, in my opinion.  If Mercury were alive, it’s hard to believe that he would have stood for this portrayal without objection, because, intentionally or not, the character’s most notable trait is childishness: he’s reined in again and again by his contrastingly cerebral band mates, and the considerable anxiety he builds up in his tempestuous personal life is vanquished wildly onstage. 

I don’t think Mercury was like this in real life.  In interviews he spoke of his stage presence as a finely tuned act, underscoring his total control over his art.  And he wrote the majority of Queen’s hit songs, surely not all the works of an eccentric musical mad scientist, as the movie portrays him, but of an impeccable craftsman.  It’s hard to summon the proper admiration for this version of Freddie Mercury, because he doesn’t seem to be in control of any aspect of his life, including his music.

Still, the movie is fun, and puts a magnifying glass to the recording of hit songs.  We see arguments with producers, recordings of challenging harmonies, arguments over musical direction, and even the shoestring budget production of an all-important first album.  When we get to Live Aid, recreated beautifully, the dominant feeling for us as viewers—and properly so—is relief: creating music, we now feel, has so many challenges and pitfalls that simply reaching the defining moment is perhaps more miraculous than the incredible performance we remember.

#5: A Star is Born

In the most buzzed about movie of the year, two of our biggest stars portray artists striving to maintain their authenticity in today’s conformist industry, developing a memorable, touching romance and delivering some of the year’s best original music. 

The year I’m referring to is 2016, and the movie is La La Land.

Alright, I’m being mean.  If people like the formula, why not give it another go?  Plus, A Star is Born separates itself with a truly amazing performance from Lady Gaga, who is absolutely this year’s Best Actress even in a year crammed with great female performances.  I’m not much of a fan of her music, but she works magic in this movie, taking the well-worn role of undiscovered talent from blue collar America and elevating it with tremendous subtlety and complexity.  Her character is terrified, overwhelmed, insecure, in love, and yet aware of her abilities—and all this comes through in Gaga’s performance.  Her delivery of “Shallow,” a slam-dunk for Best Song, is an inescapable stand-up-and-cheer moment.

I’m not as enthusiastic, though, about Bradley Cooper’s contributions.  To be sure, his acting is impressive at times, but when he finally sobers up, it becomes apparent that some of the intonations that we interpreted as conveyances of drunkenness were actually his attempts at a down-home Midwest growl, accidentally creating confusion about whether his character is secretly still drinking.  And his direction focuses too heavily on his own character’s tailspin, such that the movie is less about the emotional power of music or the characters’ romance than about the pitfalls of alcoholism.  He was snubbed for a Best Director nomination, so on this one the academy and I agree.

Awards: Best Actress (Lady Gaga), Best Song (“Shallow”), Best Sound Mixing

#4: Green Book

Led by two strong acting performances, Peter Farrelly’s Green Book charms us through a low-key story.  Viggo Mortenson’s creation of everyman Frank Vallelonga is a pleasure, and through the movie this character learns complicated, emotional truths about race in the United States.  The main interest of the movie for me, though, was his more nuanced counterpart: musician Don Shirley, played by Mahershala Ali. 

I can’t think of a character similar to Shirley in any movie I’ve ever seen.  He’s out to break barriers for the benefit of the black community, but he doesn’t appear to have any ties to that community.  This distance from his roots initially appears to be a consequence of his artistry’s heavy demands, but later developments suggest that Shirley himself may be maintaining it in part by his own choosing; for example, the revelation of his sexuality raises questions about why and how he has isolated himself.  The amiable Vallelonga, irresistible in his likeability despite his frequent ignorance, causes a change in Shirley that leads him to swallow his pride (previously an impossibility for him) and join Vallelonga’s family dinner.  But what was the nature of that change?  Is Shirley henceforth likely to attempt to reconnect with the black community?  Does it matter?  The movie leaves these important questions to us.    

Green Book is at times a safe, sentimental film.  But at more worthy moments it intrigues us with multifaceted characters and situations, which is why I’ve ranked it fairly highly among the nominees.

Awards: Best Actor (Mortenson), Best Supporting Actor (Ali)

#3: BlackkKlansman

Like Jordan Peele’s Get Out, Spike Lee’s BlackkKlansman employs a daring combination of comedy, horror, and timely social commentary.  Unlike Peele, though, Lee doesn’t seek to blend these disparate elements into a cohesive tone, instead letting them take turns dominating the narrative.  This gives the film a disorientating, scattered quality that might turn off viewers who value a smooth artistic experience, but I for one enjoyed the approach, because it allows Lee to pack more of a punch with each separate element.  No scene in Get Out, for instance, is as laugh-out-loud funny as Ron’s (John David Washington) self-reveal to David Duke (Topher Grace) with friends hooting with laughter in the background—and no moment in Get Out is as scary as the excellently shot and scored cross burning at BlackkKlansman’s finale.

This disjointed approach also engenders interesting and useful meditation after the film is over.  Is the KKK in some ways—as multiple scenes depict—kind of funny?  If so, does that make the organization less terrifying?  More terrifying?

Lee puts all his cards on the table for the epilogue, which, for a conventional film, might be a bit disappointing.  But BlackkKlansman is already transparent in its contemporary politics long before the epilogue, and with subject matter such as this, I’m not sure Lee could have been anything less than heavy-handed.  It works.

Awards: Best Adapted Screenplay (Lee), Best Editing (Barry Alexander Brown), Best Original Score (Terence Blanchard)

#2: The Favourite

Yorgos Lanthimos’ dramedy about royal chaos during the early 1700’s makes no pretense of its characters behaving as though they are actually in the early 1700’s.  Rather, Lanthimos has coached his actresses to channel the likes of “Doctor Who,” summoning irreverent wit, endless innuendo, and contemporary deadpan.  This is all for the better: what do I care about adherence to the timeline?  I wasn’t there. 

Freed from period piece conventions, The Favourite lets sparks fly with memorable characters and hilarious dialogue.  Olivia Colman kills it as a bonkers, bunny-obsessed Queen Anne, whose wildly fluctuating self esteem is the movie’s major plot driver; and Rachel Weisz outshines an also-nominated Emma Stone, the former playing an aggressively ruthless manipulator and put-down artist who somehow has us all rooting for her by the movie’s end. 

Just as importantly, the cinematography is strictly top flight.  Channeling Stanley Kubrick for wonderful candle-only lighting in several scenes, Lanthimos and cinematographer Robbie Ryan have turned a fairly typical setting into a memorable visual experience.  The liberal use of wide-angle lenses underscores the kookiness gripping the castle, and even routine tracking shots are framed sharply and beautifully.  It would be an easy pick for Best Cinematography if not for the #1 movie on this list…

Awards: Best Supporting Actress (Weisz), Best Original Screenplay

#1: Roma

The clear winner. 

In terms of artistic vision and execution, Alfonso Cuaron’s Roma dwarfs any movie made this year. Scene after scene of this portrait of Mexico City family life circa 1970 supplies us with an abundance of rich visual detail, courtesy of a slowly rotating camera that highlights the observant gaze of the film’s quiet but keen protagonist, Cleo (Yalitza Aparicio).  Contrastingly, these scenes deny us explicit information about what we’re seeing.  We learn things just as Cleo learns them: through hints and implications, such that final confirmations of truths, such as matriarch Sofia’s announcement of her separation with her husband, are notable not for their content, but for the way in which they are handled by all involved. 

Cuaron is without a doubt this year’s Best Director.  This is Cleo’s story, and Cuaron accordingly makes sure that we experience it as Cleo does.  When Cleo’s boyfriend departs to the bathroom at the end of a film, Cuaron leaves us in the theater with Cleo to feel with her the growing realization that he isn’t coming back. When Cleo wanders out of the theater and the man is indeed gone, Cuaron doesn’t cut away; instead he puts us on the steps with Cleo and lets us suffer with her.  When Cleo wades into a choppy ocean to save two children, already having stated that she can’t swim, our hearts are pounding louder than in any cinematic moment this year: we know, like Cleo, that one or all of those involved could easily perish.  

The cinematography is so good that it contributes to our understanding of Cleo as a character. For example, when Cleo visits an obstetrician, we feel her discomfort not just because of Aparacio’s great acting but because the camera is so uncharacteristically close up. Cleo prefers watching at a distance, we can feel, and with the focus so sharply on her, she’s anxious and embarrassed.  

Indeed, even around her best friend Adela, with whom she’s relaxed and playful, Cleo mostly plays the role of listener, commenting on Adela’s amusing stories but offering few of her own.  This is why, when the movie ends with Cleo’s line to Adela, “I have so much to tell you!” we know that Cleo’s experiences have left her a changed woman—more confident, comfortable, and in control of her own story.

Awards: Best Picture, Best Director (Cuaron), Best Cinematography, Best Foreign Language Film

Categories
Uncategorized

Birdman Explained: Part 1

You’re probably here to find out what happens at the end of Alejandro Innaritu’s 2014 Best Picture winner, Birdman or: (The Unexpected Virtue of Ignorance). If so, you’re in luck.

First, however, I’ll need to address a lot of other, subtler mysteries in the film, because the ending scene is too vague to interpret without context. Thus, this piece will be a thorough examination of the themes and symbolism of Birdman, capped by a convincing deduction of what, exactly, happens after a washed up actor draws a loaded handgun onstage.


ACT I: Riggan’s Quest

Birdman is the story of Riggan Thompson (Michael Keaton), an aging actor attempting a comeback. He’s best known as the titular hero of a pioneering superhero franchise. With his youth long behind him, however, he’s endeavoring on a “serious” comeback as writer, director, and star of an upcoming Broadway adaptation of a Raymond Carver novel.

The most noticeable thing about this comeback idea is that it has pleased exactly no one. The blockbuster audiences that adore Riggan for the Birdman films are averse to the play’s heady, arcane source material. Theater aficionados like cast newcomer Mike Shiner (Edward Norton) and critic Tabatha Dickinson (Lindsay Duncan) resent Riggan for coopting their beloved medium and think him a mere “celebrity.” Riggan’s daughter Sam (Emma Stone), ex-wife Sylvia (Amy Ryan), and some time lover Laura (Andrea Riseborough) lament the destructive behavior he exhibits in his desperation for the play to succeed. 

So the first puzzle to solve is: Why is Riggan doing this? Why is he attempting a Broadway comeback that nobody wants, to the detriment of his most cherished relationships? 

The characters offer various answers, but none ring true. Riggan himself claims to Sam that his goals are artistic: he wants to create something “important” that “actually means something.” But he clearly betrays this notion in conversations with Shiner, defending popularity at the expense of artistic merit. Sam, for her part, cynically opines that Riggan is merely trying to “stay relevant,” but that doesn’t quite hold water either: if this were the case, why wouldn’t Riggan just return for another Birdman film, as many people (such as the Asian man at his press interview) seem to want?

Another answer is supplied by Riggan’s agent Jake (Zach Galifinakis), who reminds Riggan that the project was conceived for garnering “respect.” But if that’s true, whose respect is Riggan chasing? After all, his family and friends are, if anything, losing respect for him, and he demonstrates on multiple occasions that he doesn’t care much for mindless Twitter masses or snobbish theater gurus.

Again, then: why is Riggan doing this?

The correct answer and key to the film, which I will go on to support, is that Riggan is attempting to preserve his long-held notion (now threatened in his advancing age) that he is exceptional—that he is better than everyone else.

As a former megastar, it’s reasonable—expected, even—that Riggan would have come to harbor such an idea. But as he’s aged, all the evidence has piled up against him. His family life, for instance, is a mess. He has wasted all of his money. His looks have faded (“I look like a turkey with leukemia!”). And maybe worst of all, the superhero genre that he helped launch has proved an easy avenue to success for any number of questionably talented actors.  

Riggan’s ego, then, has been under heavy fire, which, we can infer, is why he’s embarked on this foolish project. He needs to re-separate himself, to prove his specialness to himself, not to others. And he has envisioned that this play will do just that: maybe anyone can play a superhero, but only a true great could do that and a successful Broadway show!

Unfortunately, by the time the movie starts, this fantasy has all but crumbled. Riggan doesn’t really know anything about theater, so he has written a mediocre script and hired a shaky cast. With opening night fast approaching, the wheels are coming off the production, and Riggan knows the play isn’t any good: to Jake’s disbelief, he tries to cancel the first preview. The arrival of the talented Shiner seems to offer hope, but ultimately, the arrogant new costar only gives Riggan’s ego more of a beating, criticizing Riggan onstage and stealing the spotlight in the newspapers.

How will Riggan deal with failure? After all, if the play flops, the only publicly visible avenue left to Riggan would be to return for another silly Birdman film. And that wouldn’t help demonstrate his greatness, right?

Wrong, says a voice in his head.

ACT II: Birdman

The crucial point to understanding the voice (and later appearance) of the Birdman character is that it comes to Riggan out of a necessity: the necessity of making a case for his own greatness.

As we’ve seen, the play was devised to reestablish the validity of Riggan’s oversized ego, but with this plan now seeming likely to fail, the bankrupt and attention-starved Riggan may be forced to return to the superhero franchise that made him famous. Consequently, he begins to fall under the persuasion of a rather convenient new idea: that, actually, such a return to the Birdman movies would be far more evidentiary of his excellence than the play’s success would have been. This idea, in a piece of inspired movie fun, is personified by the actual character of Birdman.

Birdman’s arguments are, of course, pure sour grapes. He chiefly relies on baseless mockery of theater and Riggan’s new theater persona: they are simply “lame,” unworthy of Riggan’s inherent excellence. Birdman especially hates, not coincidentally, plays just like the one Riggan is about to screw up, declaring, “People, they love blood. They love action. Not this talky, depressing, philosophical bullshit.”

Translation: Riggan isn’t any good at theater, so theater must be stupid. The logic of a narcissist.

And Birdman doesn’t stop at mocking Broadway, either. In fact, he demeans, Trump-like, just about everything that threatens Riggan’s supposed greatness. When Dickinson tells Riggan, “You’re no actor, you’re a celebrity,” Birdman later hits back: “Forget the Times, everyone else has.” Regarding Riggan’s insecurity about the growing list of lucrative superhero successors, Birdman sneers: “You’re the original, man. You paved the way for all these other little clowns.” 

These wishful, masturbatory takedowns show us just how tenacious Riggan’s ego is. But we should take a step back to note that Riggan isn’t all narcissist. Remember that for most of the movie Riggan resists Birdman. And in various moments he displays a genuinely good heart, for example comforting his supporting actress Lesley (Naomi Watts) after Shiner’s crazed behavior onstage leaves her distraught. Riggan also wants the best for Sam and regrets his lackluster parenting.

The problem is that despite this generally good disposition, Riggan can’t give in to mediocrity. He needs proof that he is exceptional, and the only proof that exists, currently, is Birdman, who notes as much in a particularly biting taunt:

Without me, all that’s left is you: a sad, selfish, mediocre actor grasping at the last vestiges of his career.

Thus, when Dickinson promises that she will indeed “kill” Riggan’s play, definitively ending his dream of theater success, the voice of Birdman wins out.  In perhaps the movie’s most memorable sequence, Birdman sells Riggan on a new path forward, in which he triumphantly returns to the Birdman role, inspiring awe and transcending common folk.  “You are a god,” Birdman summarizes.  “You save people from their boring, miserable lives!”  Faced with mundane failure, Riggan goes full egoist (and full crazy), convincing himself that his last remaining career option is godlike and awesome.

ACT III: Superpowers

Importantly, this sequence also features the most dramatic manifestation of Riggan’s “powers,” a mysterious motif throughout the film. In multiple scenes, Riggan defies gravity and moves objects with his mind. What is the significance of these abilities?

I’ll first point out that when other characters observe Riggan using his powers, it becomes clear that Riggan is only imagining them. In a typical moment, we see Riggan using telekinesis to destroy his dressing room, but when Jake walks in, we see from his vantage point that Riggan is merely heaving his TV to the ground. When Riggan “flies” to work, a cab driver demands payment.

Since Riggan’s imagined powers appear to be the superpowers of the Birdman character, and since, as previously mentioned, the Manhattan flight scene is the most prominent manifestation of both Birdman’s influence and Riggan’s powers, it might seem that the two motifs represent the same concept.

But multiple scenes contradict this. In fact, every time we see Riggan use the powers except for the flight scene, he seems to be using them in opposition to Birdman’s rhetoric. When Riggan demolishes his dressing room, for example, he argues against reclaiming the Birdman mantle (“I was miserable!”). When he levitates in the film’s opening shot, he seems to be clearing away negative thoughts such as Birdman’s complaints about the premises.

And besides, one “powers” moment in particular proves that the abilities are independent of Birdman’s influence. It comes immediately after Sam scathingly accuses Riggan of hopeless attention grabbing:

You’re worried, just like the rest of us, that you don’t matter. And you know what? You’re right! You don’t.

Based on what we’ve already said about Riggan’s ego, we can infer that these remarks will cut deep. Indeed, Riggan is clearly shell-shocked after Sam’s tirade. But then he does something strange: he looks down at the object on the table and begins rotating it with his mind.

This moment has nothing to do with Birdman. We don’t hear Birdman’s voice or get any indication that Riggan is contemplating returning to the Birdman franchise (in fact, he adamantly dismisses that option to Sam). Rather, in this moment Riggan is focused on his own self-worth, showing us that Riggan’s powers symbolize his own belief in himself, independent of whether he returns as Birdman. By moving the flask, Riggan is stubbornly resisting Sam’s criticism: “I am important,” he means to insist with this gesture. “I do matter.”

It makes sense, given this framework, that Riggan’s powers sometimes oppose Birdman and sometimes align with Birdman. In the flight scene, when Riggan believes that returning to the Birdman franchise will reestablish his excellence, the two work together. In other moments, when Riggan still believes that a Birdman return would be a lowbrow, disappointing move, the two are at odds.

This distinction is critical, and you may have already deduced why.  I’m referring, of course, to the necessity of interpreting the sequence in which Riggan sees Birdman, tells him, “Fuck off,” and then flies out of the window.

To continue to the second half of this analysis, click here.